Which Speed Is the Most Energy-Efficient for Riding an eBike?

Electric bikes (eBikes) have transformed urban commuting and recreational cycling with their blend of convenience, power, and eco-friendliness. Yet, one common question often surfaces among riders: Does riding slower really save battery power? The intuitive answer might be yes, but the reality is more nuanced. In this blog, we’ll dive into the factors that determine energy consumption during an eBike ride and pinpoint the optimal riding speed to maximize battery efficiency.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. How eBikes Use Energy

3. Factors That Affect Power Consumption

   • Wind Resistance

   • Rolling Resistance

   • Terrain and Elevation

   • Weight and Load

   • Riding Mode (Throttle vs. Pedal Assist)

4. Why Slower Isn’t Always Better

5. Finding the Most Efficient Speed

   • Understanding Efficiency Curves

   • The “Sweet Spot” for Most eBikes

6. Real-World Tests and Data

7. Tips to Maximize eBike Efficiency

8. Summary: Best Practices for Energy-Saving eBike Rides

9. Conclusion

1. Introduction

As the popularity of eBikes continues to soar, so does the curiosity about how to extend battery life. While battery capacity, terrain, and weather are well-known influences, speed remains a critical and sometimes misunderstood variable. Many riders slow down thinking it will automatically conserve power, but that’s not always true.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll unpack how your speed influences energy consumption and what your optimal cruising speed should be if your goal is to go farther on a single charge.

2. How eBikes Use Energy

eBikes are powered by rechargeable batteries that supply energy to a motor. The motor assists your pedaling or propels the bike outright when using the throttle. The amount of energy consumed depends on:

• Motor output

• Assistance level

• Terrain

• Speed

• Battery management system (BMS) efficiency

The faster you go, the more resistance you encounter, particularly from wind and friction. However, going too slow isn't ideal either, because it can lead to inefficiencies in motor operation and require more human effort.

3. Factors That Affect Power Consumption

Wind Resistance (Aerodynamic Drag)

As speed increases, air resistance increases exponentially. The drag force follows the formula:

F = 0.5 × Cd × A × ρ × v²

Where:

• Cd = drag coefficient

• A = frontal area

• ρ = air density

• v = velocity

This means doubling your speed results in four times the aerodynamic drag, making high-speed riding significantly less efficient.

Rolling Resistance

This includes the friction between your tires and the road surface. While not as speed-dependent as wind resistance, rolling resistance still grows with weight and tire quality.

Terrain and Elevation

Uphill climbs require more energy as gravity works against you. Conversely, you may recover some energy on descents if your eBike has regenerative braking (though most don’t).

Weight and Load

Carrying extra gear or a heavier rider means more energy is required to move the bike, especially when accelerating or going uphill.

Riding Mode

Throttle-only riding consumes more power than pedal assist (PAS), especially at high assist levels. PAS Level 2 or 3 is far more efficient than full throttle or PAS Level 5.

4. Why Slower Isn’t Always Better

It’s tempting to think riding at 5mph (8km/h) will significantly save energy, but here’s the catch:

• Motors operate most efficiently at moderate speeds.

• Too-slow speeds increase ride duration, which can stress the system over time.

• Slow speeds in higher PAS levels still trigger motor output, wasting energy.

Therefore, riding too slowly can actually be inefficient, particularly if you use a high assist level unnecessarily.

5. Finding the Most Efficient Speed

Understanding Efficiency Curves

Most mid-drive and hub-drive eBike motors have an optimal RPM range (rotations per minute) where they operate most efficiently. This correlates with a speed range that balances power output and resistance.

In general, the motor runs most efficiently when it assists your pedaling at a cadence of 60–80 RPM, typically translating to a speed of 12–16 mph (19–26 km/h) on flat terrain.

The “Sweet Spot” for Most eBikes

From multiple tests and user data, the following speed range is considered optimal for battery conservation:

• 12–14 mph (19–22.5 km/h) for hub-drive eBikes

• 13–16 mph (21–26 km/h) for mid-drive eBikes

At this speed:

• Wind resistance is manageable

• Motor efficiency is high

• Battery drain is minimal

• Human effort contributes more

6. Real-World Tests and Data

Example Study

This clearly shows that moderate speeds offer longer range, especially when combined with lower assistance levels.

7. Tips to Maximize eBike Efficiency

• Ride in PAS Level 2–3 whenever possible.

• Stay within the 12–16 mph range unless climbing or in heavy traffic.

• Use gears efficiently—keep your cadence smooth and steady.

• Inflate tires properly to reduce rolling resistance.

• Reduce weight: Only carry essentials.

• Ride aerodynamically: Avoid bulky clothing or wide baskets in windy conditions.

• Avoid frequent starts/stops: Acceleration drains power.

• Use throttle sparingly: Only when needed, like steep inclines or starts.

8. Summary: Best Practices for Energy-Saving eBike Rides

9. Conclusion

While it might seem logical that slower equals more efficient, the truth is that eBikes are most energy-efficient at moderate, steady speeds. Riding too slow increases ride time and might keep the motor outside of its efficiency range, while going too fast rapidly depletes the battery due to wind drag and high power draw.

For most riders, aiming for a comfortable cruising speed of 12–16 mph with a low pedal assist level is the best strategy to maximize range and battery lifespan.

So, next time you’re out riding, find that sweet spot—not too fast, not too slow—and let your eBike do what it does best: deliver efficient, enjoyable rides.